Hello @Nicolas_T, it appears that the SITL instance is not connecting to the simulation running in Gazebo. It could be that the ardupilot_gazebo plugin is not being found.
Could you run the Gazebo server and GUI separately with the following commands and post the logs:
If you see a message saying the ArduPilotPlugin is not found you’ll need to export GZ_SIM_SYSTEM_PLUGIN_PATH with the path to the plugin.
Also note the -r flag on the server - this starts the simulation running. There will be no connection while the simulation is paused (which is the default start state).