Tuning advice for massive, asymmetric heavy-lift drone + overcurrent issue

I would use the Octa-Quad X frame type.
Review this in regards to your wiring, you probably have very long wiring runs so all this will be relevant. I would say this is related to the ESC shutdowns. Add capacitors at the ESCs too.

Use the MissionPlanner Initial Parameters calculator to check everything is set OK.
Set and test the transmitter (throttle) and battery failsafes, plus set FENCE_ENABLE,1