Go here and see if the default version of firmware includes the sensor you want to use. It does not, so enable it, create the custom version and flash that: Custom Firmware Builder
Then you can use the Pixhawk1 or the Pixhawk1-bdshot for bdshot support (recommended). But I see that you need support for that particular sensor so as Dave said, you need to build a custom firmware yourself. You can base this firmware upon the Pixhawk1-bdshot version and then enable that sensor.
Bi-directional dshot. This enables you to obtain esc rpm and any other data sent by ESCs to the FC if you use a BlHeli or Blujay flashed (recommended) ESC so that you can do ESC RPM based harmonic notch filtering.
If I am correct some read only params like tcal cannot be written from a savefile in Mission Planner. But I recently discovered that you can manually change the read-only params from QGC if you like.
Never understood the functional difference between fmuv* and Pixhawk1*. I think fmuv2 is 1MB while fmuv3 is almost same as Pixhawk1
Yes in MP. HW ID is under the Setup → Mandatory tab. The tuning parameters you enabled are IMU temperatures - not what you want since you are using an external temperature. I think it will be present under a mavlink message but I don’t know the name. Someone else may pitch in and help with this. Also I didn’t check the links you shared but they seem to be PX4’s, and not ArduPilot’s.
You might have to set TEMP_LOG to enable logging.
But before that I see that you have temp data from IMU2. Do you really have a second IMU?