Depending on how far your sensors are from the FC using those boards with I2C analog to digital converter could be a good solution. However you will need to write any necessary drivers in C++ as Pixhawk 2.4.8 lacks support for scripting.
I am not sure but I don’t think this sensor is directly supported by ardupilot firmware. So you might run in the same problem as with your temperature sensors. You have to change or add a driver to your firmware b changing the Firmware itself.
From measurement point it is best do digitize the signal near to the sensor and use digitial signals instead of analog signals
In direction Pixhawk to Arduino is no level shifting necessary. The 3.3V output of the FC is high enough to be recognized by the arduino input.
In direction Arduino to Pixhawk you only need a level shifting resistor network for example on Arduino output pin to GND 10kOhm + 20kOhm in series with the Pixhawk input connected to the interconnection point of the two resistors
I have no idea what rabbit hole the AI is taking you down, you can send as many as you want as long as they have different names.
this is my motor controller that uses arduino to send named floats, it should give you an idea where to start, they are part of the standard mavlink library. #include “mavlink/common/mavlink.h”
send a mavlink heartbeat at 1hz to the flight controller and it will show up as a mavlink device on mission planner.