Autonomous Mowing in Tea Plantations using ArduPilot Rover + RTK Fixed (Field Experience)

I’d like to share some field experience deploying an autonomous mowing rover in a tea plantation using ArduPilot Rover with RTK Fixed positioning.

Tea plantations present a fairly structured environment (consistent row spacing, repeated paths), but manual mowing is still labor-intensive and often inconsistent, especially on slopes.

With a local RTK base (Fixed mode), we’re seeing very stable centimeter-level positioning and strong path repeatability in real operation.

Some observations from testing:

  • Repeatable trajectories
    Missions can be re-run on different days with minimal deviation

  • Good crop protection
    The rover stays within defined boundaries and avoids contacting the plants

  • Works well in sloped terrain
    With proper tuning, tracking remains stable even on uneven ground

  • Suitable for repetitive field tasks
    Mowing is just one example — the same setup should apply to spraying or inspection

From our experience, for agricultural use cases, repeatability (relative accuracy) is often more important than absolute global accuracy. A fixed RTK base provides consistent results for this type of workflow.

Very impressive

Congrats - lots of challenges to solve to get repeatable accurate paths. Looks like a useful tool. Can you leave it unattended and doing its thing ?

Hi Paul,

It is already capable of fully unattended operation. Once the waypoints and work area are configured, the system can autonomously execute the mission and follow the predefined paths.

It also supports a multi-mission queue system. For example, if five missions are scheduled in advance, the ground station will automatically upload and start the next mission after the previous mission is completed, enabling continuous autonomous operation with minimal human intervention.

Impressive, im guessing no expensive shortcuts between the end of the last mission and the start of the new one. The functionality you are describing is not part of the ardupilot ecosystem - congrats on your developments.

Do you have any failsafe conditions set - eg mower stopped for no reason, any object avoidance, any machine issues eg temperature/vibration over limits.

Thanks for sharing

Currently, the only failsafe system implemented is LiDAR-based obstacle avoidance.